Wars and conflicts often lead to the destruction of coins, making surviving pieces rare and valuable.
Economic crises can result in the debasement of coins, reducing their metal content and overall worth.
Political changes may lead to the issuance of new coinage, rendering older coins obsolete and scarce.
Discoveries of hoards from ancient times can introduce previously unknown coins into the market, affecting rarity and value.
Colonial expansions brought coins from different regions into circulation, influencing the availability and desirability of certain coins.
Exploration and trade routes opened up new avenues for coin distribution, impacting the rarity and value of coins across continents.